ANALYSIS OF IMPROVEMENT CAUSING DAMAGE TO CYLINDER LINERS AND PISTON RODS IN VEHICLE MODELS (F65 # -3SZ)

Cases that occur complaining about the engine on the vehicle is abnormal, both in idling and high rpm, when the initial inspection is carried out, there appear to be abnormal symptoms on the vehicle's engine. So it needs repairs to the vehicle where there is a problem in the vehicle, which complains about the abnormal state of the engine both the state of idling or middle and high rpm. After doing repairs, the problems that occur occur. The water hammer is caused by a cowl top seal that has no locking clip and water filter assembly. As a result of the water hammer being produced, there is damage to the components inside the cylinder block, namely the cylinder liner and piston rod.


INTRODUCTION
The piston fuel motor uses several cylinders in which there is a moving piston translation (back and forth). Inside the cylinder there is a combustion process between fuel and air which causes the combustion gas to move the piston by the connecting rod (drive rod) connected to the crankshaft. This translational motion (back and forth) causes rotational motion on the crankshaft and vice versa the crankshaft rotational motion causes translational motion on the piston. And cases that have occurred complained about the engine on the vehicle being abnormal, both in idling and high rpm conditions, when the initial inspection was carried out, there appeared to be abnormal symptoms on the vehicle's engine. With the existence of problems regarding abnormal symptoms in the engine parts of the model vehicle (F65 # -3SZ) that have occurred, the author draws the title to be discussed so that the problems are more specific and controlled, namely: "ANALYSIS OF IMPROVEMENT CAUSES CYLINDER LINERS AND PISTON RODS ON VEHICLE MODEL (F65 # -3SZ) ".

Problem Formulation
Based on the background description of the problems mentioned above, the authors formulate the problems to be discussed are as follows: 1. Causes of damage to the cylinder liner and piston rod in the model vehicle (F65 # -3SZ). 2. Procedure for checking cylinder liners and piston rods in model vehicles (F65 # -3SZ). 3. Corrective actions on cylinder liners and piston rods in model vehicles (F65 # -3SZ). 4. Causes of water hammer on vehicle models (F65 # -3SZ).

Limitation of problems
Based on the formulation of the problem that the author has formulated in this study, the authors limit the problems to be discussed are as follows: 1. Determine the volume of water that causes the water hammer 2. Friction force and combustion chamber temperature temperature when a water hammer occurs in a vehicle model (F65 # -3SZ). 3. Temperature temperatures in the combustion chamber which can cause damage to the cylinder liner and piston rod in the model vehicle (F65 # -3SZ).

Purpose
The objectives of problem solving in this study are as follows: 1. Find out the cause of damage to the cylinder liner and piston rod in the model vehicle (F65 # -3SZ).  The piston combustion motor is divided into two main types, namely gasoline (otto) and diesel motors. The main difference lies in the fuel ignition system on the gasoline motor ignited by the spark jumps from the spark plug, while the diesel motor occurs on the ignition process itself.

Gasoline Motor Cycle four steps
In a four-step piston fuel motor, two crankshaft turns occur and four piston steps to produce one power or combustion. Where the piston steps are as follows:   NOT After a basic examination and known complaints or problems with the machine when idling, the inspection procedure steps are followed by examination of the problem symptom table, where the symptom table of the problem is as follows: Table 2 Table of

ANALYSIS Problems
Damage to the cylindrical liner and piston rod can basically be caused by a number of problems, but on defective cylinder liner problems and piston rods that change shape are caused by the water hammer.

Causes of Water Hammer in Vehicle Models (F65 # -3SZ)
The cause of the water hammer in the vehicle model (F65 # -3SZ) was caused by the absence of a locking clip on the cowl top seal and filter assembly water that had not been made improvement. Here is the reason for the water hammer in vehicle model (F65 # -3SZ), namely: 1. Rain water enters through the rear engine hood gap 4. Because of the water that is pooled in the water filter assembly, the water enters the intake manifold due to the vacuum and then goes into the combustion chamber and a water hammer occurs.

Compression Pressure Checks Due to Water Hammer
As a result of the water hammer that occurs causes damage to the piston rod and cylinder liner which results in reduced compression pressure, causing an abnormal idling engine rotation. Standard pressure: 1470 kPa (15.0 kgf / cm2, 213 psi) Minimum pressure: 1079 kPa (11.0 kgf / cm2, 156 psi) The difference between each cylinder: 147 kPa (1.5 kgf / cm2, 21 psi) After it was known that the compression pressure on cylinder No. 3 was less than the standard drinking compression pressure which ranged from 8.2 kgf / cm2 it was decided to overhaul the engine.

Due to Water Hammer in Cylinder Liners and Torque Rods
After the engine overhaul is carried out, it can be seen the effects of the water hammer on the cylinder block and piston rod, here are the consequences of the cylinder liner and piston rod caused by the water hammer, among others: As a result of the damage that occurs to the piston rod causing a collision between the piston rod and the lower cylinder liner, causing a cylindrical liner to be defective.

Repairs Made on Cylinder Liners, Torque Rods and Air Filter Assembly
After analyzing the problems and examining the causes of the water hammer, the last step is to repair and replace the cylinder liner components, piston rods and air filter assembly, here are the descriptions carried out in the repair of cylinder liners, piston rods and air filters, including: 1. In the cylinder liner over size is 0.50 mm

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the discussion in the previous chapters, the authors can draw conclusions from the results of the study. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The cause of the water hammer is caused by a cowl top seal that has no locking clip and water filter assembly that has not been made so that rainwater can enter the water filter assembly and get to the combustion chamber. 2. As a result of being generated from a water hammer, there is damage to the components inside the cylinder block, namely the cylinder liner and piston rod. 3. The corrective action taken is to do an over size 4. 0.50 mm on the cylinder liner, replacing the piston rod and the completeness of the piston and repairing the air filter assembly.